Intellectually normal, traumatic brain injury at the age of 4 months, EEG is normal while awake. The MRI scan is reported to show extensive spongiosis and cavitation in the right frontal lobe. A colle...
Criteria for these have existed for many years, but there have been recent attempts to refine and standardise them, using an evidence-based approach.
Here are some recent attempts:
The appearance of alpha frequencies coincides with eye movements (Eye closure, the Bell's phenomenon, upward movement of the globes), indicative of alpha rhythms. Notice that these are ...
There are various waves seen on referential montages that are easily mistaken for spikes. Consider the following:
Referential montage:
In the above, the wave at F7-M1-T3 between the eight...
As mentioned in previous posts, I prefer the coronal bipolar montage to the anterior-posterior bipolar montage for several reasons. The following page illustrates one of the reasons:
The following...
Some of these vertex waves appear in trains. Some are high in amplitude, others barely visible. The EEG is normal.
9 years old, epilepsy.
The patient is asleep. The 3 images above represent the same page on different montages. The 14 Hz version of 14- and 6-Hz positive bursts has been hig...
Female patient, 11 years old. What is the nature of the following discharge? A paediatric neurologist has referred the patient because of episodic events that may represent epileptic seizures.
Refere...
This is a boy with possible absence seizures. The EEG is normal during wakefulness.
.
Bipolar AP montage:
Coronal montage:
Referential montage:
The patient had several suc...
A previous post refers.
Asymmetries may be missed by looking at common average montages
This is a more striking example:
The above page, represented on bipolar montage:
While ther...
Various features define vertex waves. Since spikes may only appear in sleep, distinguishing these from spikes at the vertex requires considerable care. Their morphologies may be indistinguishable. Sim...
